Kraken published a technical guide aimed at systematic traders running multiple strategies simultaneously, focused on how to properly structure the use of API keys and subaccounts within its platform.
The architecture recommended by Kraken distinguishes two layers of separation. The first operates at the process level: each bot or autonomous script must have its own API key, since sharing a single key across multiple processes generates collisions in nonce sequences.
According to the documentation published by the exchange, the most common “invalid nonce” error in production is not caused by clock drift, but by concurrent processes that increment the nonce independently on a shared key. Each key must also be configured with the minimum permissions required for its role: a monitoring dashboard does not need withdrawal permissions, and a reconciliation script should not have them either.
The second layer operates at the strategy level through subaccounts. Unlike multiple API keys, subaccounts on Kraken have their own balances, independent margin calculations, and separate rate limits per account. Trading volume across linked accounts is consolidated for fee schedule tiers. Subaccounts on Kraken Derivatives are available to any eligible client via a support ticket, while those on Kraken Spot are restricted to institutional clients and require direct contact with the exchange’s commercial team.
Among the caveats, the guide notes that withdrawals from subaccounts are blocked: funds must first be transferred to the master account before they can leave the system.
Source: https://blog.kraken.com/product/api/unlocked-6-multi-strategy-operations-subaccounts-api-keys
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