Crypto glossary

Multisig (multi-signature)

Definition

Multisig is a wallet setup that requires several private keys to approve a transaction, such as any 2 of 3 or 3 of 5 designated signers.

A multi-signature wallet replaces a single private key with a group of keys and a threshold. A 2-of-3 multisig, for example, has three keys and needs any two of them to sign before funds can move. On Bitcoin this is enforced by the protocol's script language; on Ethereum it is usually implemented through smart contract wallets such as Safe.

Multisig removes single points of failure. Losing one key does not lock the funds, and a thief who steals one key cannot spend alone. That makes it the standard for DAO treasuries, company reserves, exchange cold storage and cautious individuals.

It is not foolproof: if signers approve a malicious transaction because the interface they rely on has been manipulated, the threshold offers no protection, as the 2025 Bybit hack showed.

Example

A startup keeps its treasury in a 3-of-5 multisig held by five executives; any payment needs three of them to sign, so one compromised laptop cannot drain the funds.

Related terms

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